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Showing 3 results for Carbon Tax
Esfandiar Jahangard, Ali Asghar Banooei, Ali Faridzad, Sajjad Barkhordari, Hamid Amadeh, Amir Doudabi Nezhad,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
The Double dividend hypothesis briefly demonstrates that by replacing different kinds of distortionary taxes with environmental ones, not only the lesser pollutants would be emitted (the first merit), but the more productivity and public welfare would be gained (the second one). Given the urgent need of reducing emissions in Iran, levying taxes on carbon, aimed at reducing carbon dioxide by 12 percent, is simulated at present article by a computable general equilibrium model which hypothesized three recycling tax incomes scenarios. In order to calibrate the model, the social accounting matrix of 1390 is used, which comprises of 26 sectors, 36 commodities and two type of households, based on the input-output tables of the Iranian Statistics Center. The results of the present research show that the goal of 12 percent reduction of the emission would be met by 51.3 Rials taxing per each kg carbon dioxide in the scenario of restoring the whole taxes to the households, 73.5 Rials in the scenario of reducing production taxes and finally 58 Rials in the scenario of reducing labor taxes. In all the three scenarios, increase of the real consumption budget of household and the equivalent welfare index is evident. In the first scenario, employment decreases and in the second and third ones, it increases, whereas the real GDP decreases and in the second and third ones, it stands approximately the same. The results of the present research bear out the weak form of the double dividend hypothesis, in the sense that the welfare effects of reducing distortionary taxes are more than those of restoring the whole distortionary ones. The strong form of the hypothesis, however, is not approved in Iranian economy. Moreover, the reduction of labor tax policy, is accompanied by the optimum welfare and viability effects.
Sajjad Abbaszadeh Karamjavan, Nosratollah Abbaszadeh,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (5-2020)
Abstract
Unbalanced use of fossil fuels has made the environmental crisis as major challenge for governments. In the same methods, international and domestic institutions have designed and implemented various policies and plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which are the cause of environmental pollution. One of the successful policies to reduce emissions is carbon tax policy. Considering the environmental pollution situation in Iran as well as the successful experience of carbon tax policy in other countries, this study simulates carbon tax policy in the Iran economy, Accordingly, evaluate and calculate the probable effects of carbon tax on the Iran economy in the form of designing a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model using the latest Iran social accounting matrix (SAM) in 2011 and in different scenarios. The results show that the carbon tax rate in all scenarios, in terms of improving emissions, decreases the gross domestic product (GDP); So that in the last scenario, which is accompanied by the highest carbon tax, in exchange for a reduction of 0.54 percent in GDP, carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by 10.7 percent.
Dr Mohammad Sayadi, Dr Habib Soheyli Ahmadi, Mr Mohammad Reza Aryafar, Ms Farzaneh Moradi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of the policies of removing subsidies for energy carriers and applying carbon tax on the variables of economic performance on the one hand and the amount of energy consumption and, consequently, the amount of CO2 gas emissions in Iran on the other hand. For this purpose, Iran ORANI-G computable general equilibrium model has been used, which is used for the simulation and analysis of shocks and economic policies. In this research, 6 scenarios, including 2 scenarios of removing subsidies for energy carriers and 4 scenarios of applying carbon tax in the short and long term, have been investigated. The results indicate that in the scenario of removing the subsidy of energy carriers in the short term, although the GDP has decreased; But on the other hand, the amount of CO2 emission has decreased significantly; Although in the long term, it has faced a more declining trend. The increase of carbon tax in contrast to the removal of subsidies for energy carriers, in addition to having a lower short-term reduction effect on the GDP, has shown the noticeable effectiveness of this scenario on the reduction of carbon emissions in the short and long-term. With the simultaneous application of two carbon tax policies and the removal of subsidies for energy carriers, the emission of carbon dioxide has shown a much greater reduction than the separate application of these policies.
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