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In recent decade the importance of developing use of renewable energy and replacing fossil energy with this type of energy is not wearing for any researcher and governments. Hence in this investigation we developed an augmented growth model in theoretical Aspects, in developed model we separated energy in fossil and renewable energy. After solving the developed theoretical model and survey the results of the model, the share of renewable energy in the total energy has been predicted during 2008 - 2041. According to taken place calculations, the optimal share of electricity generated from fossil energy sources for Iranian economy in 1420 should be 51 percent and renewable energy share of total electricity production should be 49 percent. However, according to the data of year 2008 only 2% of electricity generated by renewable energy sources and 98% of electricity is generated by fossil energy. In order to achieve optimum share of renewable energy that measured in this study, the production of renewable energy should be has 3/3 percent annual growth.

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This paper discusses the technical and economical aspects of an energy recovery system to generate optimal electrical power from catalytic combustion of low concentration coal bed methane in Tabas coal mine of Iran, applying a mathematical programming model, Hysys simulation software, and Gams optimizer. This model has been applied by using a mixture with 1% methane concentration in a catalytic combustion lean burn gas turbine and coupling a gas engine to the system. The implementation of the model would lead to the generation of 8.088 Mw electricity in forementioned coal mine and cover over than 75% of total demand power of site. Investment Rate of Return (IRR) would be 36%, which shows the high investment attractiveness in this field.

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As is evident, fiscal policy of energy subventions and the real worth of energy carriers, cause to responsibility of the Mechanisms of markets for setting of – or in other words optimizing of- energy consumption. To this important, it’s essential to address the researches that examines the energy market. One of the controversial issues in the energy market is the barriers we faced in order to increase market efficiency in energy consumption. So the most of this paper`s topics is on examining and scrutinizing one of these obstacles as a Principal-agent problem. Hence, we are looking for the answer of the question, whether it causes energy efficiency gap between traveler cars in the city of Mashhad. To survey this issue, based on the recommended model of the International Energy Agency (IEA) all the cars in Mashhad city were categorized in three groups: governmental, rental and nongovernmental - no rental using a questionnaire their performance has been premeditated in field of plummeting energy consumption. Results demonstrate significant dissimilarities in the activities that lead to abridged fuel consumption between vehicles involved in Principal-agent problem in comparison with others. It seems that the Principal-agent problem is one of the market barriers for increasing the final energy use efficiency or in other words, it is an obstacle for lessening of vehicles fuel consumption in the city of Mashhad. As a final point, this paper offers resolutions to eradicate these obstructions.

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Today, many countries' goals are to achieve sustainable development. In Iran, the country depend on oil resources and we need to reduce energy consumption in building and industrial sectors. Because of high energy consumption in buildings, buildings are the first option for saving energy. Given the importance of this issue, in this article, the buildings that have common is reviewed in Tehran. In this ways, solutions are presented to reduce energy consumption in buildings. For this purpose, 25 different types of building design and energy applications, was modeled and heating and cooling energy consumption was calculated. The results show that the use of insulation and architectural design, reduced annual energy consumption to 44% in Tehran. Since these methods are appropriate and successfully implemented, this approach can be the best practices in energy efficiency in buildings.

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Electricity is known as one of the most comprehensive public service. The current electric power industry has over 25 million customers and every year about 800 thousands new customers is added. So targeted subsidies policy including electricity prices affect the lives of many people. Opinion collection is one of the methods that is utilized for the acquiring the people s views for the continuation or improvement of the policies. This paper was prepared with the aim of studying the consumers views about the second stage of targeted subsidies plan in Tehran area for a sampled 600 randomly selected domestic customers for one month(Day 1391). For survey a questionnaire was compiled with 30 items in 6 categories on the Likert scale in grades (0-3) and normal statistical procedures were utilized to analyze the collected data. The results show that about 16 per cent of respondents agree or strongly agree with the subsidies targeted to start in the second phase. Also, 10 percent of respondents to targeted subsidies and cash payments prefer the existing conditions rather than other options.

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Decreasing of nonrenewable resources is one of the growing problems in discussing energy. The solar energy is one of the cleanest forms of renewable energy in the world. The Sistan and Balouchestan Province, due to locating in the low latitudes, has Plenty of sunshine hours Over the years.This study aimed to establish zoning and locate vulnerable areas of solar panels based on climatic variables has been done in this province.The first layer sunny Total hours per year, the number of cloudy days, rainy days, dusty days, annual average of relative humidity, altitude and total annual precipitation as the most important climatic factors affecting solar radiation were generated in GIS environment. The results showed that 14.23 percent within the highly desirable area of the province, 28.79% in the optimal range, 27.86% in the moderate range and 29.10% of the total area of the province is poor and very poor in terms of deploying solar panels. Below this layer through weighted overlay model (weighted overlay) combine and layer zones in preparing for the deployment of solar panels is located.The best place to take advantage of solar energy are SibSouran, Saravan and after them, Kash, Iranshahr and parts of Zahak and Nikshahr were detected.

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Reforms of pricing the energy transformers are one of the most important debates for FDI experts, in Iran. this pricing is directly in contact with some subjects such as the effect of long run subsidies on price diffusion in economy, sources waist, decreasing the resistance of Energy part in Iran and finally the effect of acceleration in energy consume growth rate .so it appear necessary to doing more study about energy and pricing and also energy transformers. In this study we model the volatility of Electric energy price according to energy transformers, financial markets and also energy demand. fir this purpose we use two methods for modeling first is Markov switching regression and the second is artificial neural network. Both are nonlinear methods. The switching model has ability to model the shocks on response variable and it can make two regimes with different volatility. But neural network has the ability to estimate and forecasting. The period of this study is1367-1387.

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This paper reviews energy supply modeling studies and investigates studies which have used different energy supply models including MARKAL, TIMES, EFOM, WASP, JASP, MESSAGE, RETSCREEN, LEAP, NPEP, MESAP, NEMS and ENERGY2020 as well as other energy supply models in the world and Iran. Choosing proper indexes and based on experts opinions and using AHP this paper evaluates all studies which had been carried out in Iran then chooses best energy modeling studies in the country.

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All know that the motivation of Iranian industry & economy is in oil industry. As result, Specific strategies Adoption to decrease Problem limitations are important to prospects of development of this industry. To achieve this target, a five-year plan was prepared in NIOC. In this paper, first the 5 years plan with 1404 OUTLOOK of Iran was review and then problems in planning procedure was presented and some solution was proposed.

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Considering the importance of energy modeling, this paper studies Iran’s energy system modeling and based on present energy model calculates the needed energy for primary energy carriers in next 20 years. Micro turbines simultaneously produce heat and electricity on-site so reduce the transmission and distribution system wastage and finally as result decrease additional investment in massive power plants and transmission network in an effective way. According to our studies 30 MW micro turbines have been installed in end-use section annually. LEAP software has been used for simulation. Results show that due to installation of micro turbines, natural gas and electricity loss in transmission and distribution sections have been decreased 0.62MBOE and 0.54MBOE respectively. On the other hand, micro turbines totally have reduced the energy loss in energy carriers production about 14.03MBOE. Comparing to traditional electricity and heat supply systems, installation of 30 MW microturbines generates 11 million US dollars net profit annually thus the 36.7 million US dollars-investment could be recovered in 3.2 years. According to the calculations utilization of this technology would decrease more than 3ml tons of CO2 emission, which is equal to elimination of 790000 automobiles from transportation system of the country, and would reduce about 433billion IRRs of social costs.

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123 codified law of Islamic Republic of Iran, the law of adjusting Energy consumption format have been said most factories, industries and workshop should decreasing the rate of consumption fuel and energy or change the fuel kind. So the Standard national organization of Iran with regard to this law have been started to assembling Standards and most of these Industries that have high consumption fuel and energy, have been included compulsory standards. These factories in addition of increasing in quality in final products, should decreasing consumption fuel and energy. In this research have been investigated that these industries and factories "how much are these industries successful in this law?" And then the results have been analyses with statistical software.

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Energy consumption trend has been very rapid and alarming in recent years. This trend in developing countries and in particular in Iran is much higher than the global average. An accepted fact is that the world required energy is growing rapidly for societies and we also have cheap fossil energy sources that certainly, in a few decades will be finished but slowly. Human should use of clean and renewable energy for keeping these valuable fossil resources to future generation and prevent than environmental damages that created by these resources and answer to increased demand for energy [10]. In this study in first has analysis effect Factors on solar and wind energy and then the best place have been identified for wind and solar power plants in the kerman province with Using of GIS software and multi attribute decision making technique. To identify the best places for wind power plants have been used GIS software and to identify the best places for solar power plants have been used of AHP, TOPSIS, SAW methods and finally MADM method. in this study Sirjan county Have been identified as the best place for solar power plants and Rafsanjan county as the best place for wind power plants

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There are many studies on the effects of oil price shocks on Stock Market in Oil Importing countries such as the USA, Japan and the EU countries yet there in oil Exporting Countries the studies are limited. This paper investigates relation among oil price and stock market behavior in seven oil exporting countries. The research aim is filling the gaps of theoretical research in this area about energy economics in the point of econometrics method, macro sampling with the attention to oil exporting countries. The results confirm the existence of a positive effect of oil price changes on stock market in Iran. So causality test in Countries such as Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the UAE, having some commonalities such as the financial budget reliance on oil and economic structures are quite similar, confirming the causal positive relationship for oil price volatility on stock market returns.

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Urban engineers so far always have noted such issues as aesthetics, land use, transportation, etc. , and have paid less attention to the issue of energy efficiency in city. Considering the fact that fossil energy resources are limited and indiscriminate usage of them Made the environment so Vulnerable, it is unwise to use them as fuel. In recent years, the design of cities with minimum energy consumption like Masdar in the UAE has been considered by urban planners. In a city like Tehran which is grappling with a variety of environmental problems, energy efficiency in residential areas is a necessity. In this study after a survey on the energy consumption of Tehran by using Rotterdam energy approach planning (REAP) which has three stages of reduction in Consumption, use of renewable energy. And supplying the remaining demand cleanly and efficiently, guidelines are provided for energy efficiency in residential areas in Tehran. Energy

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This paper develops an integrated model of Iran's energy system via LEAP. Using an accounting framework, LEAP's chief function is proposing insight forecasts of plausible energy plans along with their associated cost-benefit analysis. In this study demand node is broken up into it's constituent parts and different assumptions and references used are clearly mentioned and supply-side technologies are simulated according to a reference energy system. Results are discussed in 2 scenarios one of which refers to continuation of past polices in future without no remarkable change and the others includes installation of 10 GW Concentrating Solar Power plants (CSP). The later prevents emission of 153 million tons of cumulative CO2 plus some additional capability in export of natural gas and diesel fuel.

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So far a wide variety of technologies for converting solar energy to electricity have been developed with differences in the conversion method from little to significant. These differences lead to a wide range of fixed and variable costs, various efficiencies and different amounts of power generation depending on environmental factors. Hence, to identify the optimum technology, a considerable amount of research and a thorough investigation would be needed. On the other hand, uncertainty in estimating the capital cost related to each technology, due to technologies being in early phases of their life cycle, increases complexity in selecting the optimum technology making the conventional feasibility study methods inapplicable. In this study, using models of fuzzy engineering economics, the levelized cost of energy for a concentrated solar power plant and a photovoltaic power plant, in Iran, have been analyzed and compared. Uncertainty in forecasting corresponding costs have been also taken into consideration.

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Energy has an essential role in social welfare of societies and Energy Consumption Pattern Reform in addition to price balancing Schemes, require an understanding of the social and cultural variables that the present study will examine the role of these factors in Consumption Pattern Reform. The present study was conducted in survey via using a questionnaire. The sample consists of 383 of households in city of Yazd being interviewed by systematic cluster sampling and data analysis by spss software and mean difference tests, correlation and regression. Households in the city of Yazd have appropriate Energy consumption pattern. The international media, education and high income, being single, having weak religious beliefs, accept norms are factors that have a negative impact on energy consumption patterns. Also Regression analysis shows that education, international media, place of birth, religious morale, household members, lifestyle, knowledge and dwelling in the city of Yazd are variables that explain for 30% of consumption patterns changes. Impropre Consumption patter is a cause from more of lifestyle to lack of awareness. Promotion of traditional life styles and changing trends in local media advertising can have a positive impact on household energy consumption patterns.

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Energy planning and applying the energy policy tools are one of the most important strategic issues to meet energy demand in today's society. In this paper, the structure of final energy consumption in Iran is modeled using LEAP modeling tool. Therefore, firstly, the country's energy consumption and analysis of the historical behavior of Iran energy system have been assessed. Then, the energy demand modeling methodology (fundamentals of computing and model formulation) in various sectors of economic and social are analyzed with bottom up- modeling approach. In this research, energy demand system is simulated in 5 major sectors: household, commercial and services, agriculture, industry, transport and lighting in minor sectors. Also, useful and final energy demand in these sectors is estimated to 1420 year. Finally, modelling results are validated by comparing the model estimation in years 1378-1389 with the real data of energy consumption in MAPE and MSPE factors. And results are analysed in various sectors. Modeling results showing a growth in energy demand under different sectors in economic growth is desired. This indicates that in order to achieve the Country outlook (vision) program, energy consumption and energy intensity have increased, surprisingly, this move requires the optimal utilization of resources.

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Today due to ever increasing growth trend of load and high costs of electrical energy production and restrictions on the installation of new power plant units, planning and minimization of the total production costs are needed for existing active units in the power network. The aim of optimal distribution of power is that with optimized allocation of the share of each power plant, not only would it provide the required power of the network, but also the costs of power production would be minimized. In this paper Harmony Search Algorithm for optimized electrical energy costs and decreasing the emission rate resulting from power plant have been considered as the objectives. An object function of the 2nd order has been defined based on the production of the units and the constraints are also modeled in the form of equality and inequality linear equations. The proposed method is applied on a standard IEEE 30-bus system. The results indicate the high capability of this algorithm in optimizing the functions and also the results obtained with this algorithm are compared with the results gained from the other evolutionary algorithms methods

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Examining the behavior of energy consumption in various economic sectors is a major step to plan energy consumption management. Industry sector is the most important and influential economic sectors and most economists consider the industry sector as the engine of economic growth.In this paper, the impacts of energy consumption of the industrial sector (in the form of a mix of energy sources from fossil fuels including coal, petroleum products and natural gas) on the value added of industry sector have been studied for selected 8 of OIC countries during the period 1998-2011.To estimate the effects of variables, panel cointegration techniques with the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) approach has been employed.The results suggest that a significant and positive impact of energy consumption on the value added of industrial sector in these countries and plays a determinant role in creating value added in this sector.